Neuraspace introduces “Machine Learning Prediction Plots” for earlier collision avoidance planning
New space traffic management feature could save constellation operators millions of euros
Washington, DC, 15 March 2023 – Neuraspace, a European-born global leader in space traffic management (STM), has introduced “Machine Learning Prediction Plots”, giving satellite and satellite constellation operators a tool for earlier collision avoidance planning.
As a first in the space industry, the latest addition to Neuraspace’s STM software, using artificial intelligence (AI), enables operators to decide several days earlier whether to proceed with the available data or wait for additional data before making preparations for a collision avoidance manoeuvre. It gives them the means to decide if the data is good enough to make a decision.
As a result, operators, in particular those operating constellations with dozens or hundreds of satellites, have more decision time and can extend their satellites lifespan by saving valuable fuel and avoiding unnecessary manoeuvres.
Chiara Manfletti, director and chief operating officer of Neuraspace, said: “Neuraspace is the first STM company introducing “Machine Learning Prediction Plots”. Until now, no space traffic management tool was capable of making such an important forecast.
“Satellite operators already receive a deluge of alerts, most of them false, and therefore perform many unnecessary but costly manoeuvres. A 300-satellite constellation may receive about 580 alerts, requiring human intervention and satellite manoeuvres, per year. With an emergency manoeuvre in LEO costing about €25,000, this adds up to a staggering cost of €14 million per year. Saving some of these immense costs will make a huge impact.”
Neuraspace’s “Machine Learning Prediction Plots” calculate the path and forecast possible positions of the objects involved in a conjunction at the time of closest approach (TCA). Customers of the Portuguese company can access this information either through Neuraspace’s API or its website application.
Only made available last year, Neuraspace’s advanced space debris monitoring and satellite collision avoidance system is already being tested by some of the biggest satellite operators in the world.
“With the existing huge amount of space debris and the expected growth of space traffic in LEO, the future evolution of the space industry will become uncertain, inefficient, and costly if not addressed,” Manfletti said.
Kongsberg NanoAvionics to build three more satellites for world’s only 5G Narrowband-IoT constellation in low Earth orbit
It is the fourth contract with OQ Technology for the Lithuanian company
Washington, DC, USA, 14 March 2023 – Smallsat mission integrator and bus manufacturer Kongsberg NanoAvionics (NanoAvionics) has received an order for three further satellites from 5G telecoms operator OQ Technology. They will be added to OQ Technology’s existing constellation, turning the company into the largest 5G NB-IoT (narrowband Internet of things) satellite operator in the world.
It is NanoAvionics’s fourth contract with OQ Technology, having previously supplied Tiger-2, Tiger-3, and MACSAT missions. Through the collaboration with NanoAvionics, OQ was able to launch the world’s first commercial nanosatellite, Tiger-2 in 2021, that provided 5G coverage for IoT devices based on NB-IoT and a first expansion of their services with Tiger-3 in 2022.
As part of the agreement, OQ Technology will provide the 5G payload, which is based on standard 3GPP Rel. 17 technology – the cell tower stack developed in-house by OQ – and will take care of launch, satellite operations, spectrum licensing, service, and market access. With the recent traction of direct-to-device cellular communication through satellite, OQ Technology is a pioneer in direct cellular IoT to satellite connectivity.
The three 6U nanosatellites, Tiger-4, Tiger-7 and Tiger-8, will be built at NanoAvionics’s new MAIT (manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing) facility in Vilnius, Lithuania. The facility was setup to meet the demands for serial satellite production for constellations and larger satellites by commercial, civil, and governmental organisations.
The nanosatellites will be equipped with a propulsion system for constellation deployment, formation flying and deorbiting after the end of their lifecycle.
Omar Qaise, founder and CEO of OQ Technology said: “These three nanosatellites will allow us to grow our constellation, expand our global coverage, and enter new markets. In addition to pioneering the 5G NB-IoT technology, it is through partners like NanoAvionics that we are years ahead of the competition in the 5G IoT non-terrestrial networks market.”
Vytenis J. Buzas, founder and CEO of NanoAvionics said: “This latest contract is testament to the great working relationship we have built with OQ Technology over the last few years. Our level of standardisation, automation, and experience with communications mission permits us to supply customers like OQ technology in an efficient manner.”
OQ Technology to become world’s largest 5G NB-IoT LEO-satellite operator
Company plans to grow its constellation from three to ten this year, enhancing its 5G narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) connectivity service based on 3GPP for non-terrestrial networks
Luxembourg, 13 March 2023 – OQ Technology, the world’s first and only satellite operator of a 5G NB-IoT constellation, plans to grow its constellation from three to ten satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) this year. The move will turn the company into the largest 5G NB-IoT satellite operator in the world.
The seven satellites that will be added to the OQ Technology’s constellation, are the previously announced “MACSAT” and “PHI-Demo” satellites and five additional 6U nanosatellites, Tiger-4 to Tiger-8, which the company has already ordered. Concluding the launch of the first batch, all remaining satellite launches are planned for this year with the final ones, pending launch conditions, to possibly going into orbit in early 2024.
With the added satellites, OQ Technology will significantly enhance its 5G NB-IoT non-terrestrial networks (NTN) satellite connectivity service based on 3GPP for non-terrestrial networks (Release 17). The enlarged constellation will increase its global coverage and the satellites’ revisiting times to multiple times per day. As a result, the company’s terminals can send more data, received from mobile sensors, giving customers more of the latest sensor information in real-time. The increased capacity and revisiting times will in particular serve customers in both the energy and asset tracking market.
Omar Qaise, founder and CEO of OQ Technology, said: “Having pioneered satellite based 5G NB-IoT connectivity and launched our constellation before anybody else did, we are now cementing our position as the leading 5G NB-IoT satellite operator in the world.
“Being well ahead in the 5G IoT non-terrestrial networks market, we are continuing the expansion of our global coverage, entering new markets and accelerating the build-up of our constellation. The planned launches for this year will conclude our Batch 1 deployment, with Batch 2 already in preparation.”
Three of the satellites, Tiger-4, Tiger-7 and Tiger-8, will be built by Lithuanian mission integrator and bus manufacturer Kongsberg NanoAvionics who also built Tiger-2, Tiger-3, and MACSAT. Tiger-5 and Tiger-6 will be built by satellite manufacturer Space Inventor from Denmark. The 5G NB-IoT payloads will be provided by OQ Technology and integrated into these platforms. OQ Technology will also be responsible for operating the satellite constellation as well as managing the ground network, service, spectrum access and licensing.
“It is thanks to a faster construction of our payload, and our 5G NTN technology being developed in-house that OQ Technology is able to massively and quickly expand its constellation,” Qaise said.
OQ Technology’s 5G NB-IoT connectivity service enables companies to connect their mobile devices for applications such as smart metering, precision agriculture, asset tracking, vehicle telematics, artificial intelligence critical alarms and environmental monitoring. With 85 percent of the world’s surface lacking or having limited access to terrestrial connectivity services, the constellation provides global connectivity in remote regions.
Kongsberg NanoAvionics officially opened its MAIT expansion facility, doubling overall production capacity
Vilnius, Lithuania, 9 February 2023 – Small satellite mission integrator and bus manufacturer Kongsberg NanoAvionics (NanoAvionics) has doubled its satellite production capability by officially opening their manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing (MAIT) facility in Vilnius, Lithuania.
After a gradual occupancy the facility is now fully operational and an expansion to the company’s existing facilities in Lithuania (HQ), the UK and the USA. In addition to the production scale-up, the facility provides additional workspace and supports NanoAvionics’s aim of growing its global number of 250 employees and hiring more than 100 people across all of its offices this year alone.
The expansion of its production capabilities enables NanoAvionics to meet the demands for satellite constellations and larger satellites by commercial, civil, and governmental organisations. Puting all the required production, testing and mission operations infrastructure under one roof allows the company to further streamline its processes. In addition to manufacturing its 6U, 12U, 16U nanosatellite buses and its ESPA-class microsatellite bus range of up to 220kg in weight, it is also the company’s prime location for developing new products. Other business divisions such as administration, business development and operations remain located at the company’s headquarters in the building next door.
Vytenis J. Buzas, founder and CEO of NanoAvionics said: “Our investment decisions to scale up the business, such as this facility is a result of the continued company growth and customer demand over the last years. It is in line with our goal to become the prime supplier for small satellite constellations. Our philosophy is to grow alongside the space market’s maturity and with our customers, and enter new phases in their constellation development by having plans in place that allow us to increase our capacity.
“The expansion puts the NanoAvionics into a position to develop new and further high-quality and cost-efficient propositions across the entire value chain for smallsat constellations. Following this trajectory, the site gives us the potential to expand it to 2,000 square metres.”
Erected next door to its headquarters and covering 1,230 square metres, the MAIT facility, includes mechanical laboratories, thermal vacuum chambers, thermal bake-out chambers to software development and vibration test equipment. The building also houses NanoAvionics’s constellation operations centre from which it controls and manages all satellite operations on behalf of its customers.
“The facility was built on the knowledge and experience gained through manufacturing nearly 2,000 subsystems, including payload controllers, flight computers, electrical power systems (EPS), reaction wheels, battery packs and other critical spacecraft components for more than 120 satellite missions globally. Situated in a district famous for its cluster of technological companies and science institutions, the location is also ideal to attract great talent,” Buzas said.
Kongsberg NanoAvionics officially opened its MAIT expansion facility, doubling overall production capacity
Vilnius, Lithuania, 9 February 2023 – Small satellite mission integrator and bus manufacturer Kongsberg NanoAvionics (NanoAvionics) has doubled its satellite production capability by officially opening their manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing (MAIT) facility in Vilnius, Lithuania.
After a gradual occupancy the facility is now fully operational and an expansion to the company’s existing facilities in Lithuania (HQ), the UK and the USA. In addition to the production scale-up, the facility provides additional workspace and supports NanoAvionics’s aim of growing its global number of 250 employees and hiring more than 100 people across all of its offices this year alone.
The expansion of its production capabilities enables NanoAvionics to meet the demands for satellite constellations and larger satellites by commercial, civil, and governmental organisations. Puting all the required production, testing and mission operations infrastructure under one roof allows the company to further streamline its processes. In addition to manufacturing its 6U, 12U, 16U nanosatellite buses and its ESPA-class microsatellite bus range of up to 220kg in weight, it is also the company’s prime location for developing new products. Other business divisions such as administration, business development and operations remain located at the company’s headquarters in the building next door.
Vytenis J. Buzas, founder and CEO of NanoAvionics said: “Our investment decisions to scale up the business, such as this facility is a result of the continued company growth and customer demand over the last years. It is in line with our goal to become the prime supplier for small satellite constellations. Our philosophy is to grow alongside the space market’s maturity and with our customers, and enter new phases in their constellation development by having plans in place that allow us to increase our capacity.
“The expansion puts the NanoAvionics into a position to develop new and further high-quality and cost-efficient propositions across the entire value chain for smallsat constellations. Following this trajectory, the site gives us the potential to expand it to 2,000 square metres.”
Erected next door to its headquarters and covering 1,230 square metres, the MAIT facility, includes mechanical laboratories, thermal vacuum chambers, thermal bake-out chambers to software development and vibration test equipment. The building also houses NanoAvionics’s constellation operations centre from which it controls and manages all satellite operations on behalf of its customers.
“The facility was built on the knowledge and experience gained through manufacturing nearly 2,000 subsystems, including payload controllers, flight computers, electrical power systems (EPS), reaction wheels, battery packs and other critical spacecraft components for more than 120 satellite missions globally. Situated in a district famous for its cluster of technological companies and science institutions, the location is also ideal to attract great talent,” Buzas said.
Note to editors
Images are available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TIEhaQ-b3rv0RlGbuHLFwS2sD9W1wWnf?usp=share_link
Kongsberg NanoAvionics officially opened its MAIT expansion facility, doubling overall production capacity
Vilnius, Lithuania, 9 February 2023 – Small satellite mission integrator and bus manufacturer Kongsberg NanoAvionics (NanoAvionics) has doubled its satellite production capability by officially opening their manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing (MAIT) facility in Vilnius, Lithuania.
After a gradual occupancy the facility is now fully operational and an expansion to the company’s existing facilities in Lithuania (HQ), the UK and the USA. In addition to the production scale-up, the facility provides additional workspace and supports NanoAvionics’s aim of growing its global number of 250 employees and hiring more than 100 people across all of its offices this year alone.
The expansion of its production capabilities enables NanoAvionics to meet the demands for satellite constellations and larger satellites by commercial, civil, and governmental organisations. Puting all the required production, testing and mission operations infrastructure under one roof allows the company to further streamline its processes. In addition to manufacturing its 6U, 12U, 16U nanosatellite buses and its ESPA-class microsatellite bus range of up to 220kg in weight, it is also the company’s prime location for developing new products. Other business divisions such as administration, business development and operations remain located at the company’s headquarters in the building next door.
Vytenis J. Buzas, founder and CEO of NanoAvionics said: “Our investment decisions to scale up the business, such as this facility is a result of the continued company growth and customer demand over the last years. It is in line with our goal to become the prime supplier for small satellite constellations. Our philosophy is to grow alongside the space market’s maturity and with our customers, and enter new phases in their constellation development by having plans in place that allow us to increase our capacity.
“The expansion puts the NanoAvionics into a position to develop new and further high-quality and cost-efficient propositions across the entire value chain for smallsat constellations. Following this trajectory, the site gives us the potential to expand it to 2,000 square metres.”
Erected next door to its headquarters and covering 1,230 square metres, the MAIT facility, includes mechanical laboratories, thermal vacuum chambers, thermal bake-out chambers to software development and vibration test equipment. The building also houses NanoAvionics’s constellation operations centre from which it controls and manages all satellite operations on behalf of its customers.
“The facility was built on the knowledge and experience gained through manufacturing nearly 2,000 subsystems, including payload controllers, flight computers, electrical power systems (EPS), reaction wheels, battery packs and other critical spacecraft components for more than 120 satellite missions globally. Situated in a district famous for its cluster of technological companies and science institutions, the location is also ideal to attract great talent,” Buzas said.
Kongsberg NanoAvionics officially opened its MAIT expansion facility, doubling overall production capacity
Vilnius, Lithuania, 9 February 2023 – Small satellite mission integrator and bus manufacturer Kongsberg NanoAvionics (NanoAvionics) has doubled its satellite production capability by officially opening their manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing (MAIT) facility in Vilnius, Lithuania.
After a gradual occupancy the facility is now fully operational and an expansion to the company’s existing facilities in Lithuania (HQ), the UK and the USA. In addition to the production scale-up, the facility provides additional workspace and supports NanoAvionics’s aim of growing its global number of 250 employees and hiring more than 100 people across all of its offices this year alone.
The expansion of its production capabilities enables NanoAvionics to meet the demands for satellite constellations and larger satellites by commercial, civil, and governmental organisations. Puting all the required production, testing and mission operations infrastructure under one roof allows the company to further streamline its processes. In addition to manufacturing its 6U, 12U, 16U nanosatellite buses and its ESPA-class microsatellite bus range of up to 220kg in weight, it is also the company’s prime location for developing new products. Other business divisions such as administration, business development and operations remain located at the company’s headquarters in the building next door.
Vytenis J. Buzas, founder and CEO of NanoAvionics said: “Our investment decisions to scale up the business, such as this facility is a result of the continued company growth and customer demand over the last years. It is in line with our goal to become the prime supplier for small satellite constellations. Our philosophy is to grow alongside the space market’s maturity and with our customers, and enter new phases in their constellation development by having plans in place that allow us to increase our capacity.
“The expansion puts the NanoAvionics into a position to develop new and further high-quality and cost-efficient propositions across the entire value chain for smallsat constellations. Following this trajectory, the site gives us the potential to expand it to 2,000 square metres.”
Erected next door to its headquarters and covering 1,230 square metres, the MAIT facility, includes mechanical laboratories, thermal vacuum chambers, thermal bake-out chambers to software development and vibration test equipment. The building also houses NanoAvionics’s constellation operations centre from which it controls and manages all satellite operations on behalf of its customers.
“The facility was built on the knowledge and experience gained through manufacturing nearly 2,000 subsystems, including payload controllers, flight computers, electrical power systems (EPS), reaction wheels, battery packs and other critical spacecraft components for more than 120 satellite missions globally. Situated in a district famous for its cluster of technological companies and science institutions, the location is also ideal to attract great talent,” Buzas said.
No more crash, boom, bang in space
-
European NewSpace companies partner to bring AI-based space traffic management solutions to orbit
-
Mission launch to test collision avoidance system, increasing spacecraft safety and reducing space debris, planned for 2023
Madrid, Spain, 9 January 2023 – Three European NewSpace companies, Neuraspace, Ienai Space, and EnduroSat have partnered for Europe’s first orbital demonstration of a collision avoidance system based on artificial intelligence (AI). Their aim is to make space-traffic-management a reality. They also want to set a baseline and show the way for the adoption of end-to-end space traffic management solutions.
Neuraspace is a Portuguese space traffic management company, Ienai Space a Spanish in-space mobility company, and EnduroSat is a Bulgarian satellite manufacturer, operator, and turnkey provider of space-as-a-service (SPaaS).
The mission will serve as a precursor for an end-to-end space traffic management (STM) solution for increased spacecraft safety. The STM will provide spacecraft operators with better space traffic data, collision detection algorithms and more efficient propulsion systems.
Ienai and Neuraspace also signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to collaborate on tackling the growing issue of space debris through joint traffic management products. Both companies are looking to reduce the risk of collisions in space by lowering decision times for customers. They will provide operators with more effective decision-making and execution options for collision avoidance manoeuvres for their spacecrafts.
In collaboration with EnduroSat, the companies plan to demonstrate their joint collision avoidance capabilities with a mission in 2023.
The satellite, built by EnduroSat, will be launched aboard an Isar Aerospace rocket (ISAR 2). Once in orbit, it will be manoeuvred by Ienai’s ‘Athena’ thrusters. The thrusters will respond to both simulated and real collision warnings and manoeuvring suggestions. The warnings and suggestions will be generated by Neuraspace’s AI/ML (machine learning) driven STM solution.
With this mission, EnduroSat also plans to further expand its sustainability capabilities. EnduroSat, and Neuraspace are both early adopters of the Space Sustainability Rating which encourages, recognises, and rewards, space actors who enforce sustainable space missions with a unique rating system.
Daniel Pérez, CEO of Ienai Space, said: “This partnership signals the growing maturity of space companies towards a sustainable use of low Earth orbits. It also recognises an industry need to deliver end-to-end space traffic management solutions to avoid further increase of space debris. It seeks to set an example by and for the industry, and particularly by the European space industry, to demonstrate that space traffic management can and should be a regular feature of commercial space.
“Like IENAI, both EnduroSat and Neuraspace also recognise their responsibility for protecting their own and other operator’s assets and the common space infrastructure. That makes them ideal partners for us. More data, better algorithms and advanced propulsion solutions will contribute to a safer space environment, which is precisely what we are aiming for with our combined service offer.”
Chiara Manfletti, director at Neuraspace, said: “Space safety and sustainability require urgent and joint action. Improved space traffic management systems are paramount to achieve this. Neuraspace has set out to be a European-born global star in space traffic management. We are happy to have IENAI and EnduroSat as partners to improve in-orbit mobility rather sooner than later.”
Raycho Raychev, founder & CEO of EnduroSat, said: “The EnduroSat team has been working on a vision for a sustainable space program for the past five years. Our latest service offer, sharing capacity among customers on every satellite and reducing the need for multiple single missions, is another step in this direction.
“This new initiative will make space operations safer, and we are proud to be part of it. Our team will support sufficiently advanced programmes for sustainable space, and we hope we can improve the current status of mission operations.”
About the companies
Neuraspace is developing an advanced system for monitoring and preventing collisions in space. Neuraspace has raised 2.5 million euro from Armilar Venture Partners and a further 25 million euro for sensor infrastructure and its growth strategy with the support of the Recovery and Resilience Plan and NextGeneration EU Funds. The Neuraspace platform solves the issue of space traffic at large through an end-to-end automated solution built on three key pillars: data fusion, artificial intelligence and machine learning; and (3) manoeuvring automation.
IENAI SPACE provides end-to-end in-space mobility solutions and space mobility software, reaching clients from preliminary design to operations. The company is building ATHENA, a breakthrough propulsion system, based on Electrospray technology, to upend the in-space mobility market through unmatched scalability and efficiency. In addition, IENAI offers GO, a free-to-use web-based thruster design tool and 360, a high-fidelity multidisciplinary space mobility analysis tool.
EnduroSat provides unique space data service, based on its software-defined NanoSats, to business, exploration, and science teams. Its focus is on the development of next-generation commercial space services and exploration programs. EnduroSat is one of the fastest-growing space companies in Europe. Proud member of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) and Endeavor Network, EnduroSat’s team exceeds 115+ talented developers, engineers, and scientists, currently serving more than 200+ clients worldwide. Customers for the Space Data Service include 1) commercial space companies focused on IoT, remote sensing, meteorology, and Earth observation, and 2) research organisations: space agencies, universities, and institutes.
SpaceX Transporter-6 successfully launched Europe‘s first solar sail mission
-
The 6U nanosatellite and three others aboard the mission were built by Lithuanian smallsat mission integrator NanoAvionics
-
NanoAvionics also announced the planned launch of its first 100+ kg microsatellite
Vilnius, Lithuania, 6 January 2023 – Kongsberg NanoAvionics (NanoAvionics) has announced the successful launch of Europe‘s first solar sail mission aboard SpaceX Transporter-6. The 6U nanosatellite nicknamed 'Alpha' was manufactured for France's Gama. It is one of four satellites, built by the Lithuanian smallsat mission integrator for multiple customers, that got sent into low Earth Orbit.
It is the first time for NanoAvionics that one of its nanosatellite buses has carried a solar sail payload into space. A second solar sail mission, using a 12U nanosatellite bus by the company, will be NASA's composite solar sail system (ACS3).
Vytenis J. Buzas, co-founder and CEO of NanoAvionics, said: "Solar sails are one of the future propulsion methods for small satellites exploring deep space. Being the first European company to integrate solar sails into satellite buses and test them while in orbit puts us in a unique position within the space industry."
Also on board were two other 6U nanosatellites ('Birkeland' and 'Huygens') built by NanoAvionics for a consortium of Norwegian and Dutch research centres. The MilSpace2 mission is the first known two-satellite system to detect, classify, and accurately geolocate radio frequency signals. The two satellites will fly in formation at a close proximity of 20 kilometres.
The MilSpace2 mission is not the only application that can benefit from NanoAvionics bus capabilities to fly in swarms and operate as a single entity. This is an important feature for swarm missions ranging from remote sensing, to orbital reconnaissance for debris mitigation and other space infrastructure needs.
The fourth satellite carries an Earth observation payload for an undisclosed customer.
Confirming successful communications with all four satellites, NanoAvionics's mission control centre continues executing the early operations phase (LEOP) to configure and validate the satellites for their primary mission objectives.
"With this first successful launch in 2023, NanoAvionics is off to a great start. We plan to deliver and launch more than 20 satellites to customers this year, up from 15 in 2022. This plan includes our first 100+ kg satellite based on our MP42 microsatellite bus," Buzas said. “And for the third consecutive year, we nearly doubled both our revenue and our team size.”
Mission details for all Transporter-6 satellites built by NanoAvionics:
-
A 6U nanosatellite dubbed "Alpha" for French space startup Gama to demonstrate their commercial solar sail with a diameter of 73.3 square meters (789 square feet) – roughly the size of a racquetball court. Gama’s range of solar sails are aimed at commercial companies and research organisations alike, looking for a cost-effective and less complex setup and propulsion system to explore deep space through small satellites. Using nano- or microsatellites propelled through space by solar sails would allow them to travel greater distances without storing large amount of fuel.
-
Two 6U satellites named "Birkeland" and "Huygens". Flying in close formation, the two satellites are part of the “Strategic Mutual Assistance in Research and Technology” (SMART) Military Use of Space (MilSpace) Science & Technology cooperation is a bilateral agreement between the MoD of the Kingdom of The Netherlands and the MoD of the Kingdom of Norway. The project team, acting on behalf of the MoDs, consists of FFI from Norway and NLR and TNO from The Netherlands. It is the first known two-satellite system to detect, classify, and accurately geolocate Radio Frequency signals, including navigation radars used on ships, by combining the measurement angle of arrival (AoA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA). Simultaneous detection of pulsed radio signals by both satellites flying in tandem enables accurate geolocation during all weather conditions. The “Strategic Mutual Assistance in Research and Technology” (SMART) Military Use of Space (MilSpace) Science & Technology cooperation is a bilateral agreement between the MoD of the Kingdom of The Netherlands and the MoD of the Kingdom of Norway. The project team, acting on behalf of the MoDs, consists of FFI from Norway and NLR and TNO from The Netherlands.
-
The fourth satellite carries an Earth observation payload for an undisclosed customer.